Biochemical Characterization of Raw Banana Stem (Musa balbisiana Colla) and Its In Vitro Anti-Urolithiatic Potential

Abstract

Banana (Musa spp.) is an herbaceous plant extensively cultivated for its edible components. Among these, the stem is particularly valued for its low caloric content, high dietary fibre, and potential health benefits, including weight management, urinary tract cleansing, and kidney stone dissolution. Kidney stone disease (KSD) affects an estimated 5 to 7 million individuals, with approximately 20% of cases leading to serious complications. In India, the prevalence of KSD is notably high, and a significant number individuals with KSD experiencing renal damage that may progress to kidney failure if untreated. Natural remedies have been used for the dissolution of kidney stones by many communities of Assam and banana stem juice is one of them. So, in this study an investigation was done to determine the chemical composition and anti-urolithiatic potential of raw stem juice from Musa balbisiana Colla, locally known as Bhimkol in Assam. Traditionally it is used to manage conditions such as diabetes, anaemia, and urinary tract infections, this wild banana variety is native to Assam, India. Fresh stem juice was extracted and subjected to biochemical analysis, revealing the presence of protein (0.535 g/100 g), carbohydrate (3.55 g/100 g) reducing sugar (2.25 g/100 g) phosphorus (4.16 mg/100 g), calcium (28.05 mg/100 g) and ascorbic acid (5.35 mg/100gm). To evaluate its anti-urolithiatic efficacy, kidney stones obtained from a physician were weighed and incubated in sterile conical flasks containing 25 ml of raw banana stem juice. After fifteen days, the stones exposed to the banana stem juice exhibited 24.7% and 27.3%, an average of 26% reduction in their weight, indicating potential dissolution. The presence of calcium and phosphorus in the juice may contribute to its chelating activity, facilitating the breakdown of calcium oxalate crystals commonly found in kidney stones and the fiber-rich nature of the stem may aid in detoxification and metabolic regulation. These findings suggest that regular consumption of raw banana stem juice may contribute to the prevention and management of kidney stone formation due to its anti-urolithiatic properties. Further in vivo studies and clinical trials are recommended to validate its therapeutic potential and establish dosage guidelines.