Public–Private Partnerships in Fostering Growth and Infrastructure Development: Issues and Challenges with Special Reference to North East India

Abstract

Private Partnerships (PPPs) serve as a vital mechanism for bridging infrastructure deficits and promoting economic growth in India, particularly in the North East region. Historically, the region's infrastructure has suffered from colonial legacies—uneven development shaped by "normal" vs. "excluded" areas—and a security-driven approach that often-sidelined local needs. In recent years, numerous government-backed initiatives—such as the Act East Policy, Special Accelerated Road Development Programme–North East (SARDP NE), and multimodal logistics parks—have adopted PPP models to bridge gaps in roads, railways, waterways, and energy systems. Examples include the Dhola–Sadiya (Bhupen Hazarika) Bridge and development of multimodal logistics parks like Jogighopa via PPP. Additionally, innovative last-mile connectivity solutions like ropeways in Tawang, Kamakhya, and urban centers are gaining traction through PPP schemes. This paper examines the dynamics of PPPs—including their models, enablers, issues, and contextual challenges—while focusing on regional complexities. The analysis highlights governance, risk allocation, socio political factors, and policy efficacy.