Border Issues and Security Challenges in North East India: A Theoretical Study

Abstract

North East India occupies a strategically important position in the Indian subcontinent due to its geographical location, ethnic diversity, and international borders with neighboring countries. The region shares international boundaries with China, Myanmar, Bangladesh, Bhutan, and Nepal, making it highly sensitive from the perspective of national security and regional stability. Over the years, North East India has witnessed several security challenges such as insurgency, illegal migration, border disputes, ethnic conflicts, smuggling, and cross-border terrorism. These issues have significantly affected political stability, economic development, and social harmony in the region. This paper attempts to examine the border issues and security challenges in North East India from a theoretical perspective. It also analyzes the role of the Indian state, neighboring countries, and security agencies in maintaining peace and stability in the region.